Two healthcare professionals work together using a laptop and tablet.

Collaborative Practice

Care delivered as a team.

Collaborative Practice refers to the process by which physicians, nurse practitioners, and specialists work together as a team to care for their patients.

The Mechanics

How it works

  • Collaborative Practice Agreements (CPAs) are formal contracts in which licensed physicians will provide clinical oversight and case consultations for nurse practitioners or physician assistants.
  • Depending on which state the patient is in for a virtual visit, providers will have to follow that state's laws for licensing and supervision.
  • Digital healthcare technology allows for a team of healthcare providers to share notes, review cases, and plan treatments in real time.

For Providers

Key considerations for providers

Practice and Prescriptive Authority

Whether or not physician collaboration is required to treat patients and prescribe medications.

Written Agreements

Whether or not a state requires a formal, written collaborative agreement.

Physician Qualifications

Whether or not there are requirements governing the location, specialty, or qualifications of a collaborating physician.

Geographic Requirements

Whether or not there are requirements dictating that collaborating physicians must practice at either the same location or within a certain geographical distance.

CTeL Research

CTeL 50-state policy comparison

CTeL's research helps healthcare organizations understand the state-level and regulatory requirements that shape virtual care. Understanding these requirements can help telehealth providers and digital health organizations identify potential compliance issues as they develop multi-state healthcare models.

Collaborative practice rules are set state by state — who may practice independently, what has to be written down, and how close a collaborating physician must be. CTeL tracks those differences so member organisations can build multi-state models without guessing.

Close-up of a healthcare professional writing clinical documentation.

One team, fifty rulebooks.

Interested in understanding collaborative practice requirements across the United States?

Contact CTeL to learn more about our 50-state surveys, research, and member resources.